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Have you ever wondered why some kids breeze through books while others struggle to keep up? The secret often lies in something called the Big 6 of Reading—a framework that makes learning to read clearer and more doable. Once I discovered how it works, it felt like finding a reading roadmap every child deserves.
What Are the Big 6 of Reading?
The Big 6 of Reading breaks down reading into six key areas: Oral Language, Phonological Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension. Think of them as puzzle pieces. When put together, they help learners move from struggling readers to confident, independent ones.
Here’s why it matters:
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Reading isn’t just about decoding words. It’s also about expression, meaning, and confidence.
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Teachers and tutors use these six areas to pinpoint exactly what a learner needs help with.
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The approach works for all levels—whether a child is frustrated, learning with support, or reading independently.
Oral Language: Building Confidence in Speaking
Before mastering text, kids need to express themselves. Oral language helps learners share thoughts and understand instructions.
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At early stages, learners might struggle with words and need picture cards or story retelling.
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Transitioning learners can answer simple questions with prompts.
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At grade-level, they’re ready for storytelling, role-playing, and peer discussions.
This step is like planting seeds. The more kids talk, the stronger their reading roots grow.
Phonological Awareness: Playing With Sounds
Phonological awareness is all about recognizing and playing with sounds in words. It’s a pre-reading skill that makes decoding much easier later.
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Some learners can’t yet identify rhymes or syllables. Games like clapping out sounds can help.
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Others are in the blending/segmenting stage, where they begin to connect sounds more reliably.
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Advanced learners can blend, isolate, and segment with accuracy—perfect for word challenges and tongue twisters.
Fun fact: Kids who play sound games often pick up reading faster!
Phonics: Cracking the Code
Once learners can play with sounds, phonics connects those sounds to letters. This is the "decoding" skill that helps them actually read.
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Struggling readers may only guess words and need clear letter-sound teaching.
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Intermediate readers decode simple words but stumble on blends like "sh" or "ch."
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Confident readers use phonics to decode even longer, unfamiliar words.
Phonics acts like the “secret codebook” of reading—and cracking it feels magical.
Fluency: Finding the Reading Flow
Ever heard someone read in a choppy way? That’s a fluency issue. Fluency means reading smoothly, with accuracy and expression.
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Struggling readers may read slowly and skip words.
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Instructional-level readers sound accurate but lack smoothness.
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Independent readers read as naturally as they speak.
Boosting fluency often involves fun activities like choral reading, timed practice, and even recording their own reading.
Vocabulary: Words Are Tools
Without vocabulary, reading feels like solving a puzzle with missing pieces. Expanding vocabulary gives learners the words they need to understand texts.
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At the frustration level, kids need lots of visuals and word walls.
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Instructional readers understand familiar words but need exposure to new ones.
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Independent learners can confidently use new words in speaking and writing.
Did you know? Kids who are read to daily build vocabulary much faster than those who aren’t.
Comprehension: Making Sense of It All
At the heart of reading is comprehension—understanding what’s on the page.
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Struggling readers forget details or can’t answer simple questions.
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Instructional readers grasp the main idea but still need guidance.
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Independent readers can analyze, critique, and ask higher-level questions.
Strategies like story maps, prediction tasks, and book clubs can turn reading into a deep, rewarding experience.
My Take on the Big 6
When I first learned about the Big 6 of Reading, I realized how much I had taken for granted in my own learning journey. It’s not just about books—it’s about building voices, confidence, and curiosity. I’ve seen kids light up when they master just one step, and it’s truly inspiring.
Why the Big 6 of Reading Matters
The Big 6 of Reading shows us that becoming a strong reader isn’t about luck—it’s about step-by-step growth. From oral language to comprehension, each stage builds toward independence.
So, which of the Big 6 do you think is most important for a child’s reading journey? Share your thoughts—I’d love to hear your take!